Describe KVM Multiuser Usage here.
Put up some thoughts here on multiuser KVM usage.
= Multiuser usage of KVM: Assumptions =
* The host computer runs several instances of KVM virtual machines.
* Each virtual machine runs as a process with privileges of a user it is allocated to. This makes it possible to utilize standard Linux user access control mechanisms.
* Users may logon in various ways (see below), but even if a user possesses a shell account on the host computer, they should be prevented from direct execution of KVM (e. g. from command line), i. e. from uncontrolled creation of virtual machine instances. Therefore, a secure wrapper is necessary to run KVM on users' behalf.
= User Logon Possibilities =
* Logon via ssh to the host computer, then launch a VM by invoking the wrapper passing desired ID of VM to start, then ssh into the VM (or xdm, or http)
* VM is already running for a user (variant: frozen when user logs off, and unfrozen when they log on), so user logs on via ssh (or xdm, ot http) into a running VM instance
* VM is running as a daemon, providing some services to other VMs (e. g. NFS/SAMBA server), and users access it indirectly from their own VMs by appropriate protocols
= Virtual Machine Layout =
== Classification of QEMU/KVM Options (as of 0.17) ==
=== Options that Users Are Allowed to Set ===
=== Options that Users Are Not Allowed to Set ===
=== Options that Are Not Used ===
-M machine select emulated machine (-M ? for list)
-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-boot [a|c|d|n] boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), or network (n)
-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-no-quit disable SDL window close capability
-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks
-m megs set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default=128]
-smp n set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-k language use keyboard layout (for example "fr" for French)
-audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options
-soundhw c1,... enable audio support
and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)
use -soundhw ? to get the list of supported cards
use -soundhw all to enable all of them
-localtime set the real time clock to local time [default=utc]
-full-screen start in full screen
-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug
-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'
-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=addr][,model=type]
create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN 'n'
-net user[,vlan=n][,hostname=host]
connect the user mode network stack to VLAN 'n' and send
hostname 'host' to DHCP clients
-net tap[,vlan=n][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file]
connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n' and use
the network script 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup);
use 'script=no' to disable script execution;
use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
-net socket[,vlan=n][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
connect the vlan 'n' to another VLAN using a socket connection
-net socket[,vlan=n][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port]
connect the vlan 'n' to multicast maddr and port
-net none use it alone to have zero network devices; if no -net option
is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'
-tftp prefix allow tftp access to files starting with prefix [-net user]
-smb dir allow SMB access to files in 'dir' [-net user]
-redir [tcp|udp]:host-port:[guest-host]:guest-port
redirect TCP or UDP connections from host to guest [-net user]
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk
-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-vmchannel di:DI,dev redirect the hypercall device with device id DI, to char device 'dev'
-balloon dev redirect the balloon hypercall device to char device 'dev'
-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file Write PID to 'file'
-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-s wait gdb connection to port 1234
-p port change gdb connection port
-d item1,... output log to /tmp/qemu.log (use -d ? for a list of log items)
-hdachs c,h,s[,t] force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS
translation (t=none or lba) (usually qemu can guess them)
-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-kvm disable KVM hardware virtualization
-std-vga simulate a standard VGA card with VESA Bochs Extensions
(default is CL-GD5446 PCI VGA)
-no-acpi disable ACPI
-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting
-loadvm file start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-vnc display start a VNC server on display
-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing
-no-rtc don't use /dev/rtc for timer alarm (do use gettimeofday)
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
=== VM ID Structure ===
=== VM Directory Structure ===
= Secure Wrapper =
